Latihan PKN MKDU 4111: Asas Ius Soli dan Ius Sanguinis






1. Dalam konteks kewarganegaraan dikenal dua asas, yakni Ius Soli dan asas Ius Sanguinis, jelaskan?



Ada dua asas yang dipakai dalam penentuan Kewarganegaraan, yaitu asas Ius Soli dan asas Ius Sanguinis. Asas ius soli menentukan warga negaranya berdasarkan tempat tinggal/kelahiran di suatu negara, adalah warga negara tersebut. Sebagai contoh, apabila Anda punya anak lahir di Amerika Serikat karena Amerika Serikat menganut asas ius soli ini secara otomatis anak tersebut mempunyai Kewarganegaraan Amerika Serikat. (dilihat dari sisi Amerika Serikat).


Asas ius sanguinis, menentukan warga negaranya berdasarkan keturunan (pertalian darah), dalam arti siapa pun anak kandung (yang sedarah seketurunan) akan mengikuti Kewarganegaraan orang tuanya. Sebagai contoh, Anda sebagai anak atau warga negara Indonesia yang menganut asas ius sanguinis mempunyai anak laki di Malaysia yang menganut asas yang sama maka otomatis anak Anda tersebut mengikuti Kewarganegaraan Anda sebagai WNI, tanpa masalah.



2. Apa dampak dari adanya dua asas dalam penentuan warga negara bagi bangsa Indonesia?


a. Mereka yang mempunyai Kewarganegaraan ganda atau bipatride karena negara asal orang tua yang bersangkutan menganut asas ius sanguinis sedangkan yang bersangkutan melahirkan anak, tinggal di negara yang menganut asas ius soli.


b. Mereka yang sama sekali tidak mempunyai (apatride) karena yang bersangkutan dilahirkan Kewarganegaraan di negara yang menganut asas ius sanguinis sedangkan negara asal orang tua yang bersangkutan menganut asas ius soli. Di negara Indonesia untuk menentukan apakah termasuk WNA atau WNI kita merujuk pada Pasal 26 ayat (2) UUD 1945 yang berbunyi sebagai berikut. Yang menjadi warga negara ialah orang-orang bangsa Indonesia asli dan orang-orang bangsa asing yang ditentukan atau disahkan dengan undang-undang. Sebagai warga negara (ayat 1) syarat-syarat mengenai Kewarganegaraan ditetapkan dengan Undang-undang (ayat 2). Berdasarkan Pasal 26 ayat 2 Undang-undang Dasar 1945 maka dibuatlah Undang-undang No. 62 Tahun 1958 tentang Kewarganegaraan Indonesia. Anda perlu mencari dan mengkaji undang-undang tersebut.


c. Naturalisasi (pewarganegaraan). Walaupun dalam menentukan pilihan dalam Kewarganegaraan tidak dapat memenuhi prinsip lus anguinis atau lus soli orang dapat memperoleh Kewarganegaraan dengan jalan "Pewarganegaraan" atau "Naturalisasi". Dalam pewarganegaraan ini ada yang aktif dan ada yang pasif. Dalam pewarganegaraan aktif seseorang dapat menggunakan "hak opsi" untuk memilih atau mengajukan kehendak untuk menjadi warga negara, sedangkan dalam pewarganegaraan pasif, seseorang tidak mau diwarganegarakan oleh suatu negara maka yang bersangkutan dapat menggunakan "hak repudiasi", yaitu hak untuk menolak Kewarganegaraan tersebut.



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