IBD: Nilai Bersifat Subyetik dan Obyektif



Nilai dapat bersifat obyektif namun dapat juga bersifat subyektif tergantung pada apakah nilai menarik perhatian subyek atau subyek yang memberikan nilai pada suatu obyek.

Dengan demikian, menurut Anda apakah manusia itu sebagai pemilik nilai (subyektif) atau sebagai pengguna nilai (obyektif) atau kedua-duanya.???


Secara teori dua hal tersebut memungkinkan, baik secara objektif maupun subjektif. Bahwa nilai dapat bersifat objektif dan manusia berposisi sebagai penggunanya. Bahwa niai itu telah ada bahkan jauh sebelum eksistensi manusia; dan nilai mampu berdiri kokoh tanpa terpengaruh hal ihwal di luar dirinya.



Meskipun saya tidak sepenuhnya setuju--kiranya inilah yang saya yakini--tapi kita bisa berangkat dari pemahaman bahwa manusia sebagai pemilik nilai (subyektif) yang menaruh keyakinan akah benar-salah, baik buruk pada tiap-tiap eksistensi di dunia. Pendeknya manusia memposisikan diri sebagai pusat realitas, penguasa semesta. Pandangan semacam ini muncul, paling tidak, karena fakta yang menyeruak ke hadapan kita bahwa begitu banyak tata nilai yang bersifat relatif. Bahka moralitas dan hukum di satu tempat bisa berbeda di lain tempat. Kendatipun diyakini adanya hukum ataupun moralitas universal, itupun kiranya bisa kita katakan sebagai upaya objektivikasi dari suatu subjektivitas. Mengapa hal ini mungkin? Paling tidak, karena seolah-olah manusia terlempar ke dunia ini dan tidak tahu dari mana asalnya serta untuk apa ia ada di dunia. Karenanya manusia mulai mengisi realitas dengan nilai-nilai yang diyakininya, sebagai penuntun di dunia yang rumit khaotik.

Komentar

Posting Komentar

Artikel Populer

Tugas Reading: Pearl Buck

Gambar
Bacalah beberapa paragraf berikut dengan cermat, kemudian pilihlah jawaban yang tepat dari pertanyaan - pertanyaan yang ada dibawahnya. Passage 1           One of the most popular literary figures in American literature is a woman who spent almost half of her long life in China, a country on a continent thousands of miles from the United States. In her lifetime she earned this country's most highly acclaimed literary award: the Pulitzer Prize, and also the most prestigious form of literary recognition in the world, the Nobel Prize for Literature. Pearl S. Buck was almost a household word throughout much of her lifetime because of her prolific literary output, which consisted of some eighty - five published works, including several dozen novels, six collections of short stories, fourteen books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was eighty years old, some twenty - five volumes were awaiting publication. Many of those books were set in
Baca selengkapnya

Latihan Reading: Membedakan Main Idea dan Topic

Gambar
Passage One Passing fears are common in early childhood. Many 2- to 4-year-olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs. By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark. Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures.   1. The topic of this paragraph is A) fear. B) passing fears. C) two-to-four year olds fear of animals. D) common fears 2. The stated main idea of this paragraph is A) Passing fears are common in early childhood. B) Many 2- to 4-year olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs. C) By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark. D) Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures. PassageTwo    Congratulations! You have been offered a job. The time has come to negotiate your salary. The question to ask yourself is: " How much am I worth? " Your answer will likely affect the
Baca selengkapnya

Tugas Reading II: Baseball and Jazz

Gambar
TUGAS 1 Bacalah teks – teks berikut ini dan jawablah pertanyaan – pertanyaannya. Questions 1- 7 Line (5) (10) (15) (20) (25)           Baseball evolved from a number of different ball-and-stick games (paddle ball, trap ball, one-old-cat, rounders, and town ball) originating in England. As early as the American Revolution, it was noted that troops played “base ball” in their free time. In 1845 Alexander Cartwright formalized the New York Knickerbockers’ version of the game: a diamond shaped infield, with bases ninety feet apart, three strikes-you’re-out, batter out on a caught ball, three outs per inning, a nine man team. The “New York Game” spread rapidly, replacing earlier localized forms. From its beginnings, baseball was seen as a way of satisfying the recreational needs of an increasingly urban-industrial society. At its inception it was played by and for wealthy gentlem
Baca selengkapnya

Latihan dan Tugas I - Tugas Akhir Program TAP (BING4500) Sastra Inggris

Gambar
Task 1 Dengan pengetahuan teoretis tentang analisis teks sumber yang Anda peroleh dari Buku Materi Pokok “Analisis Teks dalam Penerjemahan (BING4320)”, jawablah keempat pertanyaan berikut. a) Termasuk jenis teks apakah teks berikut? Richard Cohen: The debacle of gun control Once, after I had written about gun control, a guy called to differ and said that had the Jews of Germany been armed, the Holocaust never would have happened. That assertion, so ahistorical as to be almost laughable, stopped me in my tracks because it went to the black heart of the gun-control debate: It’s not about guns. It’s about the government. It’s about the government in two respects. The first is the conviction that guns are needed to protect Americans from their own government. This fear — maybe paranoia is the better word — is embedded in the National Rifle Association’s message and in the statements of its officials. As The Post recently reminded us, shortly before the 1995 bombing of a government office b
Baca selengkapnya

Latihan Reading: Immigration

Gambar
Immigration People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 “free Negroes”. Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million.   By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the larg
Baca selengkapnya

Tugas II: Manajemen Operasi (EKMA4215)

Gambar
1.    Jelaskan alasan utama mengapa perusahaan memerlukan persediaan, khususnya persediaan bahan baku atau material. Jawaban: Alasan utama perusahaan memerlukan persediaan, khususnya persediaan bahan baku atau material, adalah : 1)       Karena merupakan suatu keharusan guna mendukung kelancaran proses produksi didalam perusahaan. 2)      Untuk kontinuitas input, jika tanpa persediaan pun, bahan baku selalu tersedia, pada saat diperlukan.  2.    Jelaskan dan berikan contoh ketidakpastian persediaan yang berasal dari luar perusahaan.   Jawaban: Ketidakpastian persediaan yang berasal dari luar perusahaan, merupakan akibat : dari hal – hal yang bersifat eksternal, dan kadang – kadang berada diluar kendali manajemen perusahaan.   Dalam hal ini, boleh jadi penyebabnya adalah : pemasok, sarana angkutan bahan, dan berbagai faktor yang lain yang berada di luar perusahaan. Contoh ketidakpastian persediaan yang berasal dari luar perusahaan, adalah : Pemasok terl
Baca selengkapnya

Latihan Reading: Famous Architect

Gambar
Famous Architect Considered the most influential architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was born in the small rural community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student, studying engineering because the school had no course in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order to learn the traditional, classical language of architecture. After marrying into a wealthy business family at the age of 21, Wright set up house in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago, and after a few years of working for a number of architectural firms, set up his own architectural office.   For twenty years he brought up a family of six children upstairs, and ran a thriving architectural practice of twelve or so draughtsmen downstairs. Here, in an idyllic American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty rambling homes by the year 1900. H
Baca selengkapnya

Latihan Reading: The Healing Power of Maggots

Gambar
The Healing Power of Maggots The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heydey of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical estab
Baca selengkapnya